Whether to get even for poor service or to get their money’s worth for years of premiums paid, a troubling number of consumers fudge the numbers or add extra items on home or car insuranceclaims.

Experts say the insurance industry probably loses more money overall from fraud committed by normally law-abiding folks, not from organized criminal rings that perpetrate insurance fraud on a grand scale.

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A recent survey by consulting company Accenture found that 38 percent of U.S. consumers overstated the value of their losses on their last home insurance claims, and 20 percent overstated the values on their last auto insurance claims.

Little lies add up

The FBI puts the annual cost of insurance fraud (excluding health insurance fraud) at $40 billion, which works out to $400 to $700 per year per family in extra cost.

“This is really about honest people subsidizing dishonest people,” says John Lucker, a principal at Deloitte Consulting LLP and leader of its Global Advanced Analytics & Modeling practice. He says 3 percent to 5 percent of every claim dollar is lost to “hard fraud” — the kind committed by organized crooks — while 5 to 25 percent of every claim dollar is lost to “soft fraud” like claims padding.

Hard fraud usually involves multiple people — crooked lawyers, shady doctors and scam artists — who work together, such as staging fake car accidents.

“When it’s discovered you can typically prove it,” Lucker says.

Soft fraud, he says, is tougher to nail down.

And it’s costly to investigate, says Dennis Jay, executive director of the Coalition Against Insurance Fraud in Washington, D.C.

“It’s a business decision for many insurers: Do you spend another $2,000 on an investigation into what may be an extra $500 on a claim? …. Many insurers don’t look at the soft-dollar losses as much as the hard losses.”

Insurance companies try not to be asleep at the wheel

But that’s changing for two main reasons. One, insurance companies are taking a harder look at improving efficiency. Insurers make money on the returns from investing the premiums customers pay. With interest rates and investment yields down since the recession struck in 2008, they’re placing growing emphasis on controlling losses.

Two, with greater computer power and more data at their disposal than ever before, insurers have a keener ability to detect and fight fraud than a generation ago. A growing number of companies are using technology to sift through claims to find anomalies that may indicate fraud, Lucker says. The computer system may flag an unusually large claim for a particular type of household or circumstance, for instance.

A red flag doesn’t prove fraud, but it tells the insurance company which claims deserve extra attention.

Insurers “have to develop methods to tease out truth from fiction without wagging a finger in the face of a person,” Lucker says.

If your claim is flagged, an insurance company might require you to produce more detailed documentation to support a loss, for instance. Or it might initiate more contact with you throughout the claims process. That sort of enhanced attention can improve service as well as let you know the insurance company isn’t asleep at the wheel.