Researching how to buy carbon credits? Carbon credits are tradable assets connected with ongoing concerns over climate change. Each carbon credit acts as proof that a business has successfully removed 1,000kg of CO2 from the atmosphere – or avoided creating 1,000kg of CO2 by using clean energy.

Although carbon credits are traded for as little as $5-$20, only businesses can generally get their hands on them. But, using other formats, individual investors can get some exposure to the carbon market – as well as offset their own carbon footprint using specialist companies. We outline below where to buy carbon credits and related assets like carbon credit stocks and ETFs.

Where to Buy Carbon Credits

Want to clean up your carbon footprint? If so, there are plenty of popular carbon offset programs that will handle all the details in return for a monthly subscription.

So what is carbon credit trading? Some carbon products – notably carbon futures – are available with CFD (Contracts-For-Difference) trading. Unfortunately, CFD trading is not legal in the US.

Other carbon products, like ETFs, stocks and sustainable investing funds centered on renewal energy, are more freely available.

Below we review two of the best carbon credit brokers according to users which offer access to both routes into the carbon market.

1. Plus500 – CFD Broker Offering Carbon Futures

As one of the popular CFD brokers, Plus500 offers CFD trading across 2,800 instruments: stocks, ETFs, commodities and even financial options. Plus500 has served over 22m customers across 50 countries with $800bn worth of trades handled in its history.

Headquartered in the City of London, Plus500 is a FTSE 250 company and regulated in the UK by the FCA. Like eToro below, it offers a free smartphone app as well as a free demo account. Plus500 has achieved an average Trustpilot rating 4.2/5 from almost 11,000 reviews.

Like eToro reviewed below, Plus500 charges no commission on transactions – but overnight and spread fees apply on trades. An inactivity fee of $10 a month is levied after 3 months of non-activity, and Plus500 charges currency conversion fees too.

Among its portfolio, Plus500 offers investors the chance to buy into the best ESG investing stocks as well as the best renewable energy stocks. Its choice of 90+ ETFs does not feature much in the way of ‘green’ investing opportunities. But this broker (like eToro below) does offer the chance to invest in a carbon future.

This centers on the European Union Allowance (EUA). This ‘gives entitlement to emit one ton of carbon dioxide or carbon-equivalent greenhouse gas.’ This is available as a CFD with a tight spread percentage fee of 0.08%, as well as a leverage of up to x10. Overnight fees apply. So, if an investor wants to buy and hold, green shares or ETFs might be a more economical option.

2. eToro – Popular Social Trading Broker with Zero Commission on Carbon Assets

Since launching in 2007, this full-service broker has served close to 29m customers from across the world. eToro offers a broad range of assets including upwards of 3,000 stocks from 15 global exchanges, 260+ ETFs, commodities, indices, crypto and forex.

Investors researching how to buy carbon credits will be pleased to learn they can invest in eToro’s CarbonEmissions commodity future.

This is available with a minimum investment of $1,000 – or just $100 with 10x gearing. Like Plus500, eToro offers their carbon future as a CFD. No commission is charged, but overnight and spread fees apply.

The broker also offers 3 other routes into the clean energy market:

Shares in Clean Energy Companies: investors can browse by sector and pick out top names like FuelCell Energy (FCEL), Ballard Power Systems (BLDP) and Enphase Energy (0QYE).

Clean Energy ETFs: ETFs offer a low-risk way to invest – by investing in many shares at once and thus spreading risk. Among others, eToro offers the iShares Global Clean Energy ETF.

eToro’s Renewable Energy Smart Portfolio: Smart Portfolios are part of this broker’s social trading initiative. This portfolio presents a strategic portfolio that investors can buy into. The top holding is Gevo Inc with 7.27%. Gevo is a US-based specialist in developing bio-based alternatives to diesel and gasoline.

As one of the popular copy trading platforms, eToro offers its proprietary CopyTrader tool. This allows investors to copy other traders’ activity for free. Also, like Plus500, eToro offers one of the best demo accounts for stocks and other assets.

Your capital is at risk. 78% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider.

What are Carbon Credits?

Carbon credits are an investable asset accessible mostly to corporations and governments. With carbon futures and related assets, individual investors can get some exposure to the carbon credit market.

Each carbon credit is essentially a certificate. It proves that one metric ton (1,000kg) of CO2 has either been removed from the atmosphere – or that the issuer of the credit has avoided the production of the same amount of CO2 by generating energy in a clean way.

Carbon Credits: Background

Carbon credits are all about climate change.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change posits that as much as 5bn tons of CO2 must be removed from the atmosphere every year until 2050. Otherwise, the global temperature is predicted to rise by 4C by 2100. This will result in catastrophic weather and render large parts of the globe uninhabitable.

Carbon Credits: 3 Key Global Agreements

1. Kyoto Protocol – 1997: Carbon credit trading begins.
2. The Paris Agreement – 2015: Article 6 develops legislation around countries trading carbon credits in pursuit of their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to global carbon removal.
3. The Glasgow Climate Pact – 2021: 2% of carbon credits to be slashed from the market, and a global market is agreed upon to tackle the current fragmentary situation with accreditation.

Carbon Credits: Accreditation and Markets

The carbon credits market is actually two markets:

• The voluntary market, in which companies voluntarily offset their carbon emissions. This is largely based in Europe and North America. 2021 approx. value: $1bn.
• The regulatory market, in which companies and governments trade in carbon credits in order to meet their regulatory carbon reduction targets. 2021 value: approx. $851bn.

Regulators in the markets include:

The American Carbon Registry (ACR)

ACR was the first registry for greenhouse gas emissions and offsets. Launched in 1996, ACR is a nonprofit enterprise. It is involved in all sorts of carbon reduction projects, including forestry, smart agriculture and infrastructural initiatives.

Verra’s Verified Carbon Standard (VCS)

This body is considered – by reputation – to be the leading accreditor of Greenhouse Gas Protocols. Verra’s Verified Carbon Standard is universally recognized across carbon exchanges. It has overseen over 1,700 projects globally.

Gold Standard

Gold Standard has been responsible for more than 125m carbon credits. The body has accredited over 700 projects spread across more than 60 countries.

Another key body involved in accreditation is the United Nations. Carbon reduction projects are often advertised as being aligned with specific UN Sustainable Development Goals.

How Does Buying Carbon Credits Work?

The truth of the matter is that buying carbon credits does not really work very well for individual investors. The carbon credit markets – the voluntary and regulatory – are set up for businesses.

Individuals, however, have plenty of related options, as we explore below.

How to Buy Carbon Credits For Businesses

Businesses can issue carbon credits for sale, as well as buy them using online platforms like the Carbon Trade Exchange (CTXglobal.com). CTX is just one example of many such exchanges.

CTX charges an annual fee of $1995 to corporations in return for access to a global exchange of different types of carbon credits from 4 continents:

• VERs (Voluntary Emission Reductions)
• CERs (Certified Emission Reductions)
• VCUs (Verified Carbon Units)
• EUAs (EU Allowances – like the one offered by Plus500 as a futures contract)
• EUAAs (EU Aviation Allowances)

CTX charges a 5% sellers fee and stipulates a minimum trade lot of 100 metric tons of C02. Only carbon credits verified by major accreditors – like Verra VCS, Gold Standard, ACR, CAR and the UN’s Clean Development Mechanism (UNFCCC) – are traded.

CTX operates under an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL).

How to Buy Carbon Credits For Individuals

The best way to buy in carbon credits for individual investors is to consider one of five routes:

1. IMPT – Digital Token to Buy Carbon Credits 

As noted earlier, there are several crypto projects entering the carbon credits space. One such project is IMPT. This innovative ecosystem project facilitates the buying, selling and trading of carbon credits.

The project aims to make investing the process of investing in carbon credits in Australia accessible to all. To make this possible, IMPT has collaborated with hundreds of impactful environmental projects from across the world.
IMPT is built on blockchain technology, which ensures the security and transparency of all projects listed on the site.

Companies and individuals can get started by purchasing IMPT digital tokens. Stakeholders can then choose an environmental project to invest in, and buy carbon credits using the digital tokens. After the purchase is complete, these credits will be minted into NFTs.

According to the IMPT whitepaper, investors then have two options. They can burn the NFT to compensate for their carbon footprint, or sell them on the IMPT marketplace. The platform also plans to reward investors who contribute to reducing carbon emissions.

IMPT has already completed the private presale of its digital asset – which resulted in more than 90 million tokens being sold. The public presale, however, is set to commence on October 1, 2022, and will last until November 25th.

IMPT tokens can be purchased using Bitcoin, Ethereum, or Visa cards. During the presale stage, this digital asset will be available at a price of $0.06.

To stay notified of the latest developments, subscribe to the IMPT Telegram channel.

2. Buy into a Carbon ETF

The KraneShares Global Carbon ETF (KRBN) is one example of a dedicated carbon ETF.

KRBN is available with eToro and other brokers; on eToro, it has over 6,000 followers.

KRBN is a tracker ETF. It tracks the influential IHS Markit Global Carbon Index. This index tracks the major ‘cap-and-trade’ carbon programs in North America and Europe.

Founded in July 2020, KRBN reached over double its initial value in February 2022 with each share valued at $56. Since then its value tumbled in line with the carbon credits shock response to the turmoil wreaked on the energy markets by the Ukraine Crisis. KRBN is currently trading just below $40.

3. Buy Renewable Energy Stocks

Most full-service brokers nowadays offer access to the best ethical stocks from an environmental point of view.

Any stock involved in renewable energy is a valid environmental investment. This is because renewable energy improves the carbon dioxide situation by providing clean energy that takes away the need to use fossil fuels instead.

Individuals may invest in stocks that specialize in renewable energy across the capitalization spectrum: from well-established large-cap companies to tiny penny stocks.

What Large-Cap Green Stock Can I Invest in?

A large-cap renewable company to consider is Orsted. This Danish multinational has been operating in the renewable energy sector for 3 decades. Orsted claims a quarter of the global offshore wind sector, with installed capacity sufficient to provide power to 19m people. By 2030, the firm aims to have 50 Gigawatts of renewable energy capacity. Orsted has almost 7,000 employees, a market capitalization of $292bn and Earnings Per Share of $22.

• Other large cap renewable companies number US firm NextEra Energy and Spanish Iberdrola.

What Small-Cap Green Stock can I Invest in?

An example of a small-cap renewable energy company to consider is US-based Gevo Inc. This is a very small outfit, with less than 100 employees and a market capitalization of just over $600m. A share in Gevo currently costs under $2.50. Gevo produces biofuel alternatives to diesel and gasoline. And March 2022 saw Gevo secure some big contracts:

• A 7-year agreement with Delta Airlines to provide 75m gallons of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF).
• A deal with Oneworld Alliance (a network of airline firms including American Airlines) to supply 200m gallons per year of SAF.

4. Buy into a Carbon Future

Plus500 offers a carbon future for sale in the form of one European Union Allowance (EUA) – pictured below. Investors can go long or short on the price.

Broker eToro offers a future called CarbonEmission. Although not stated specifically, this is likely to be a directly equivalent product to Plus500’s – given the parity in pricing. As with Plus500, this commodity future is offered as a Contract-For-Difference.

For the individual investor, buying a future in this format is similar to buying a conventional stock. The process is straightforward: buy into a position (either going long or short), and sell the position back to the broker when it suits.

5. Offset Your Carbon Footprint with a Consumer Provider

There are numerous companies online which specialize in offsetting carbon footprints.

These outfits do not offer investable assets, though. Rather, they agree to offset an individual’s carbon footprint by investing in accredited carbon projects or carbon credits generated by them.

Popular carbon offset programs available to individuals include Direct Air Capture specialists Climeworks, afforestation experts Ecologi, travel offsetters Sustainable Travel International and Myclimate, which offers expertise in precise carbon footprint calculation and offset.

Why Buy Carbon Credits?

Why buy carbon credits? It is a good question because, for individual investors, it is very difficult to purchase carbon credits. The closest we can get as retail investors is to invest in carbon futures. As we have noted, both Plus500 and eToro offer versions of these.

Arguably, buying carbon credits is unnecessary for individual investors – given the breadth of options to buy into the carbon/green market easily.

How to Buy Carbon Credits – Tutorial

As we have discussed above, buying actual carbon credits is generally the preserve of businesses. Retail investors exploring how to buy carbon credits can get a piece of the market by investing in carbon futures. Variants of these are available with popular brokers eToro and Plus500.

To buy into the carbon credits market with a broker, the process is straightforward. Investors need only take four steps:

1. Sign up With the Broker of Your Choice.
2. Get Validated.
3. Deposit Funds.
4. Execute a Trade.

Below we refer to the example of Plus500 – with whom we have no affiliation – to indicate how easy it is.

1. Sign Up

Whichever broker you choose, our advice is to select one with as much regulation as possible.

• eToro, for example, is regulated by the FCA, ASIC and CySEC.
• UK-based Plus500 is regulated by the FCA.

To sign up, the investor will need to head to the broker’s online platform and enter a few details.

2. Get Validated

Regulated brokers will insist that the investor provides proof of who they are – as well as proof of where they live.

This process is handled by either scanning ID and uploading it, or using the investor’s webcam to photograph the ID.

3. Deposit Funds

Unsurprisingly, popular investment apps make it easy to deposit. Without investors making deposits, the brokers could not generate any revenues from fees.

As examples of the spread of deposit options on offer:

• eToro permits deposits via ACH, wire transfer, credit/debit cards and some payment wallets (including Paypal in Europe).
• Plus500 accepts bank transfer, credit/debit cards. PayPal, Skrill and other payment wallets.

4. Execute a Trade

Again, brokers make opening a trade very easy.

Generally, the process is to pinpoint the homepage of an asset. And here there will be a button to press which initiates the trade process.

For example, with Plus500, one carbon-related stock on offer is Canadian Solar (CSIQ). This firm manufactures solar PV modules and runs large solar projects.

Investing in CSIQ is one way consumers can invest in the carbon sector – as backing a firm like this is backing the renewable energy that means less CO2 is released into the environment.

Investors can press ‘Buy’ to go long on CSIQ, and ‘Sell’ to go short. Once the trade is complete, funds will be deducted from the investor’s Plus500 account, and the asset will be displayed in their Plus500 portfolio.

• Watch out for overnight fees with CFDs! We note on the right of the CSIQ profile above that an overnight fee of -0.0516% applies to Buys, and a fee of -0.03624% applies to Sells. Overnight fees can add up. So CFDs are not suitable for long-term investment positions.
• We note also that a spread percentage fee of 0.99% applies to CSIQ.

Conclusion

Above we have outlined how to buy carbon credits for businesses as well as individuals. Carbon credits in their original format are generally available only to businesses via brokers like CTXglobal.com.

But if an individual were looking how to invest $1,000, for example, there are plenty of options to invest in carbon-related assets. Sustainable energy stocks and ETFs, eToro’s Smart Portfolios, popular green investment funds and commodity futures contracts are all options.

Another excellent option for those looking to buy carbon credits is IMPT. This innovative ecosystem allows individuals to acquire carbon credit NFTs through their everyday shopping activities, which can be freely traded on the built-in marketplace. IMPT’s presale is ongoing, allowing investors to buy tokens at a discounted rate of $0.018 – the lowest they’ll be made available.

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